The present study was conducted to evaluate the prostate size in dogs suffering from prostatic diseases using ultrasonography and radiography, and also to evaluate the, canine prostate specific arginine esterase (CPSE), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone and estradiol (E2) as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostatic conditions in dogs. The radiographic evaluation of prostate gland revealed increase in the prostatic length and prostatic length to pubic brim–sacral promontory ratio (95%). The prostate volume measured ultrasonographically was 74.38 cm3 and prostate volume/m2 of body surface area was found to be 78.78 m2 in affected animals. The maximum value of prostate volume was also predicted for a given age and body weight of the animal in present study (37.99cm3) and compared with the maximum value of prostate volume (54.34 cm3) as well as ultrasonographically measured prostate volume (74.39 cm3). The hormonal assay revealed non-significant increase in the concentration of DHT, testosterone, E2 and estrogen-testosterone. The Protocols for the gene expression study of the CPSE and constitutive gene GAPDH were standardized. The fold expression of the CPSE was found 1.8 times higher than the constitutive gene GAPDH. It is concluded that prostatic conditions affects mostly old age dogs (more than 4 years of age), ultrasonography is the best technique for evaluation of prostate affections in dogs. Prostate volume per unit body surface area shows significant correlation with age and tends to increase with age. Furthermore, the expression of CPSE can be used as a potential marker for the diagnosis of prostatic affections in dogs.
