REVIEW OF HEAVY METAL ION REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER

Abstract

For a healthy ecosystem and human population, removing heavy metal ion from waste water is crucial. To remove heavy metal ions from different sources of, various reported procedures are developed. The different techniques are classified as membrane based, adsorption based, photo catalysis based, and chemical based therapies. Usage of agents and adsorbents, removal effectiveness, operational circumstances, and each method's benefits and drawbacks are all thoroughly and critically reviewed in this work. In addition, a summary is provided of the major conclusions of earlier investigations that were published in the literature. Further advancements in membrane separation might be made with fouling and scaling inhibition. Pre-treatment and routine membranes cleaning, however, are more expensive. Additionally to address the concern related to the formation of large volumes of sludge, technologies based on electrics were also claimed to be effective. Nevertheless, separations based on large scales or a scale of industries is also required. When research on exclusion of heavy metals considered, prominence on use of actual water for the experimental should be focused instead of using synthetic wastewaters. Eco-friendly, economical, and sustainable materials and processes should be the main topics of future research investigations.